report

Explain-

Analyse-

Evaluate- 

Introduction

Pre production is an extremely important stage in the production process. This process consists of about 7 different parts all of which are very important to the success of the production: securing finance/funding; writing a successful script; casting effectively; finding personnel for the production - securing a crew which is efficient and will work well together; producing a successful story board which makes the production run smoothly; carrying out locations recces scouting successful areas which are suitable for the production; camera and lighting tests; adherence to codes and regulations. These are key process, an example of why these are so important can be seen in the casting process. One of the most important pre-production activities on a successful film production is undertaken by the casting director. He will need to start assigning actors and actresses and start auditioning  this can be a very long process which can go on for days and weeks. There are many types of pre production some of which are a short film and a feature film, short film is film which is not considered longer enough to be called a feature film as it only runs for 40 minutes to 50 minutes they are normal made by individuals on a low budget they are normally funded by non funded organisations or sponsored they are usually acted in by individuals who are looking to go up in there career to showcase there talent to other people.

Another type of pre production is a feature film it is like a short film but runs for a longer period of time around 75 minutes or even longer a feature can typically cost more money than a short film because they have to pay for more for facilities and cost of hire as they will be filming for longer.

Finance: sources of finance 

Private

The private sector is the part of the economy that is run by individuals and companies for profit and is not state controlled companies and corporations that are government run are part of what is known as the public sector,while charities and other non-profit organizations are part of the voluntary sector.

Public

Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy. It is the branch of economics that assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable on.

Joint

Joint sectors are a mixture of both private and public sectors this means they can consist of both income from the government and from the induvial this can be good and bad as it is half and half which means it is less money for the individual to pay.

Requirements of finance 

Production equipment- this can refer to the whole of the equipment used in the production which needs to be descripted well to help the crew identify the right type of equipment needed to produce there specific shoot or angle to complete the production. The production equipment can variety from different departments on in which is lighting; this can consist of lights, lights stand, generator, filters, Gels, Diffusion, Grip stands etc these are all some of which equipment the lighting crew will use to achieve diverse shoots. Also the equipment can consist of another one of the most important bits of equipment which is the camera which is essential to create any type of production the camera package can consist of; the camera, stock or media, a wide range of lenses which are needed to achieve different shots like a close up. filters, and tripods to be able to stabilise the camera and have a good shot not only can the camera move on it own so it needs a wide range of equipment to enable it to move smoothly and effectively when in shot for example dolly, track, accessories for example wedges. A film cant be complete without good crisp sound which make the film just as equally as a good storyline for example some of the equipment which makes the sound successful and crisp is; sound recording unit, headphones to be able to listen to the successful areas of the production, microphones to be able to catch all of the production sounds and key areas which make the film, mic holders, cables, boom, wind shield to ensure the production company gets successful crisp recordings from the mic.

Crew-Crew can be considered what makes a film there are usually four segments of the crew which are the technical crew, actors,extras, contributor's the effective crew for a production is key to make sure it all goes smoothly, a well crewed production will run on time, secure all the required footage and stay within the budget however a poorly crewed production will run over time, not manage to secure all the required shots and go over the budget.Simerly a big budget production the roles are filled by specialtls in that role where they have the most expertise for example a make up artist which works on a big budget production will not double up she will stay within her expertise as the company can afford speclists for there roles unlike a small budget production.On a micro and low budget prodtuition the crew will have to double up on roles as the production company cant afford speclists for each roles.There are three stages to how producers will assign a team first way which is they will re-employ old hired crew meaning they will new where there strengths are from the previous work this is good as this is easier for the production company as there skills have already been put to the test,Secondarily they will focus on recommendations from other company's which shows they have proven ability and skills, Thirdly the use agencies and crew CVs etc to find a wider range of new experienced crew members which will benefit there teams.
Talent-Talent varies from crew members and also actors talent can mean a lot of different things but one main thing is what people strengths are and what makes them better than everyone else talent on a production are classified as speclist performers  individuals that are talented are highly specialist in there performance skills and can make a production a lot better and make it stand out from other production company's.

Facility hire-This is defined as what the production company pays to hire for a certain amount of time to use to there advantage maybe because they have a small budget or just need it for one scene to help with a shoot, this can also go under the facility hire like the places where the company and the crew are filming a basing there production around this needs to be a location which is diverse depending on the budget of the company if it is a large company with a huge budget they will produce a reece which helps them to identify the disadvantages or the location and the hazards and how to over come .The production will uasally gather a large amount of locations and identify which ones are best fir them due to which the budget and how it matches there storyline and there script.Next facility hire can also cover the prop houses in the sense that these are the company's that are hired spcficly for this production which make a wide range of prop's to make the production.

 Logistics: Time

Deadlines 

Deadlines in film making are key as they give the production ream a allocated time or date to work towards, the production manager is the person that oversee the smooth operation, the teams need to be able to adapt quickly to the time that is set and they need to be able to use time to the maximum which means they are most likely to finish on the deadline and stay within the budget. They are many consequences to film production to not finish on the deadline some in which are you can go over budget as if you go over the set deadline you will have to pay for more hours facility hire or pay more hours for the camera crew another consequence is that if the facility you are filming in is shut there needs to be a suitable facilities this also goes for a backup key actor as he might be ill you will need a suitable actor which gets the job done if this happens to more than one key actors then this can cause for the scene to be rescued this can cause for extra time with the camera crew and the actors which you may need to hire the facility for more hours this can you will go over the budget, this also means being prepared like coming up with the contingency plans for example if a key actor is ill or the location that the film crew are filming at is damaged alternatives have to be made sure are in place this can also be as extreme as filming somewhere different because of the weather as it wont be suitable for the shot.

Availability of equipment

Both the visuals, audio and the crew are all part of the kit in pre production

The visuals consist of a wide range of cameras and equipment a commonly used camera is a  middle range DSLR camera most will shoot 1080p these are also very cheap and can be used for multi-purpose shoots next is tripods these are typically used to steady a shoot ,the school have a wide range of cameras meaning it will cost no money, there are usually one mic called a directional microphone which can also be know as a shotgun mic this feature is very important in film making and then plus all the equipment like the adapters and XLR cables.And then plus all of the crew like the director who can also be the cameraman this is a multitasking role and then a producer him and the director will typically combine ideas and roles,and most importantly the handy man this is normally a group of people which will make sure the lights and sound are working fine as these are what help make the film 

Availability of personnel 

When undertaking making a feature film there are wide range of different departments which help produce it the main production role is the producer he is the the essential group leader and is response for successfully managing the production from start to finish also just as important is the director is mostly responsible for overseeing the shot and assembling the film and making sure it runs smoothly, screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the screenplay, and delivering it, in the required format to the producers,they are almost always freelancers who either pitch original ideas to producers in the hope that they will be optioned or sold, or who are commissioned by a Producer to create a screenplay.Another two key roles are the art director and costume designer these I believe these are what make the film, the art director is the person that deigns the artistic side of the backgrounds of the shot this is what makes the shot look realistic good art directors will be able make it realistic but also make it stand out from other featuring directors in other competing films, the customer designer is the key person that make the outfits realistic and suit the stage of the film as this is what makes the film to an extent, next the location manager is responsible for finding and securing locations to be used for the production and coordinating the logistics, permits and costs involved.The production sound mixer is head of the sound department on set, responsible for recording all sound during filming. This involves the choice of microphones, operation of a sound recording device, and sometimes the mixing of audio signals in real time.Typically there are chief lighting directors they are responsible for the design and execution of the lighting plan for the production,there are two key types of grips the chief grip is the head of the set operations department. The key grip works with the director of photography to help set up the set and to achieve correct lighting and blocking.  The best boy grip is chief assistant to the key grip. They are also responsible for organizing the grip truck throughout the day.The next key personal is the Make-up artists they work with makeup, hair, prosthetic and special effects to create the characters look for anyone appearing on screen. Their role is to manipulate an actors on screen appearance. Lastly one of the many key departments is the catering this the company or people that feed the actors and crew on set.

Timescales

Timescales are the overall deadline for the product as a whole,the are many issues that can affect a media production for example lack of facilitates,personal and equipment,when making any media production the producers and the key crew members need to ensure they have availability of personal and time needed.Each of the crew members are selected for there reliability and ability to fulfill responses and meet tight deadlines,if this fails in one department or more this can have a domino  effect meaning the other departments will nsuffer over one departments mistakes.  A production schedule is broken down as a project plan of how much money is spent over a given timescale,the scheduling process starts whit the script which then spoken down and this is done scene by scene this will also include the breakdown of the grips and props and camera and the crew needed for each scene this is all broken down on a breakdown sheet this also helps the different departments to know when they are needed and what equipment they need.

Facilities 

Production equipment-production equipment can vary due to if it is needed in order to make the production the equipment can consist of; a camera, lens, media, power, audio recorder, microphone, audio cable, lens pen, headphones, card recorder, usb cables, C47s and gaff tape, laptop, gels and diffusers, lights, power, light stands and tripods these are all key to make sure the production process if successfully and done effectively if failed to do so the production will be missing key assets which make a production like lighting or card recorder, these are most of the key aspects which makes a successful production.

Post production equipment-post production can be classified as a key to start of making a successful production this is when the production tends to get edited it a more technical side and a specialist will be needed to ensure this is done effectively and successfully these can include; picture edit, sound edit, visual effects, grading, titling to ensure these phrases are done there will  need a wide range of editing softwares they will need a picture editing package thus will contain; AVID media composer, apple final cut pro, adobe premier this are all the key essentials to ensure the production is edited and put together smoothly and effectively into a production not only thus but the prosecution company will need a high set of sound editing facilities to edit is successfully this can consist of; steinberg nuendo, AVID pro tools and Audacity these are what make the sound for viewers crisp and clear.

Facility houses-Faciltiey houses are the the equipment the production company will hire out to give the production life depending on the storyboard they must follow it, when a production hire a facility house they need to make sure to be careful as they are expensive so the production company will need a large budget as if a small one this means they may need to make there own props but this means they might not have such a good production which makes it come to life 

Sourcing and costs of facilities-this is where they will analyse the cost of all of this and how much money thy have to spend this can vary as prodcution compnays have different budgets and they need to make sure they stay within this budget other the prodcution will not work as smoothly as it was meant to,the prodcution company need to make sure they know how much the costs if the diffeent facilites are and how wide therte budget is and make sure they are able to stay within.

Locations 

A recce is a massive part of pre production and this is what makes the process of shooting at the set this is where a crew member will go to different potential sets to make sure they meet the potential and what the producer wants, they must find a accrete location to set they do this by doing many of checks and they make sure they do this within there budget and also within time, most importantly overall they need to make sure the risk assessments are succsleful and conducted in order to ensure the safety off the crew and actors and anyone else who is on set. Some of the questions the producer will the reece to ask is; is the location quite enough this is key as they cant be having other noises from the wildlife or the surroundings or the people around as if so this will ruin the sound and maybe distract the actors and the crew, aswell as natural and the environment they need too make sure there is nessercery power slot meaning there needs to be places for power like chargiong batteres   and power for lights and mic etc and ensuring thry know what voltage there is.
Location manager: It's the job of location managers to find that place in the physical world and make sure it’s accessible, safe and not too expensive to hire. location managers start their research. They might be looking for deserts, stately homes or shady underpasses. They arrange recces to the locations, take photographs, detailed notes, start discussions with the location owners and work out costs. location managers manage the location. They make sure everyone in the cast and crew knows how to get there. They negotiate parking, noise reduction, power sources, catering requirements and any official permissions that may be needed with the site’s management.

Assistant location manager-The location in which a film is set has a huge impact on its look, feel and story. It’s the job of location managers to find that place in the physical world and make sure it’s accessible, safe and not too expensive to hire.

Personal

Technical crew-overall effective crewing on a production is key to ensure it is a succesful prodcuttion and increase the succes of the overall prodcution ,a well crewed production will run on time and secure the requred footage in order to make the production run succseflly, and then on the other hand a poorly crewed prodcution will be the oppersite and run over time this means the prodcution can go badly wrong meaning they wont have time to get the required shots and this can mean they will go over budget.

Actors-Actors are key to making a successful production this can be different for both a big budget and medium budget production this can mean there will be speaclist for certain parts and roles which need to be suited correct and effectively, the casting director will usually make sure this happens effectively to ensure the production and the shoots go as smoothly as possible for the actors, the actors are key in order to make sure the roles they play are best suited to there the talent as possible and make sure that the talent and roles are matched suitably

Extras-This can be classified as a background actor meaning they in the background of a important scene of a film,they are usally part of a non speaking role an example of this can be in busy scene they will be walking around to make look at realistic as possible this can make a scene, the producers will do this in large numbers meaning they will employee a lrage number of people into the background. 
Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra_(acting)

contributors- these can be classified as many things but on type is a specialists these are the people that the production company may have and these are the people that have advanced skills in particular areas they are usually put in roles which are needed too make the production run smoothly they are put in roles that optimise there skills to the peak, this may be for example to oversee highly techniqual operations, or to undertake key production roles for example a specialist trainer may be needed to train actors for a fight scene etc so they can learn and make the production. Overall there are special characteristics which are nessercery to making a film for example in a war film they may need a historical expert to tell the producers the key areas that they will need to put into there production this can make a film life like and unique if the facts are correct.  

Materials 

This means that any physical or digital artefacts used in the production this can include inresources the prodcution coompnay have genertated thereself an exmaple of this can be libary materails there are many exmaple of materials these consit of; achive and libary materials;photo libary materails;sound libary materials;internet;assets;audio;script;animatics;graphics and inyerviews.  

Costs-Overall the cotst on a prodcution is important meaning that the prodcution rate and how effective the prodcution is it is highly realible on wheather it is a large budget or small budget, the prodcutions main concentraion is trying to keep the costst as low as possible but then on the other hand also make the end prodcut succseful, staying within the budget is always key as if not the the whole prodcution can not work as quickly and effectively meaning all the slots the prodcuer has made to hire facilites he will have to do again and pay more money out to hire this can mean that he might go over thr budget and may be forced to stop the prodcution.